Page layout analysis and classification in complex scanned documents

Page layout analysis has been extensively studied since the 1980`s, particularly after computers began to be used for document storage or database units. For efficient document storage and retrieval from a database, a paper document would be transformed into its electronic version. Algorithms and methodologies are used for document image analysis in order to segment a scanned document into different regions such as text, image or line regions. To contribute a novel approach in the field of page layout analysis and classification, this algorithm is developed for both RGB space and grey-scale scanned documents without requiring any specific document types, and scanning techniques. In this thesis, a page classification algorithm is proposed which mainly applies wavelet transform, Markov random field (MRF) and Hough transform to segment text, photo and strong edge/ line regions in both color and gray-scale scanned documents. The algorithm is developed to handle both simple and complex page layout structures and contents (text only vs. book cover that includes text, lines and/or photos). The methodology consists of five modules. In the first module, called pre-processing, image enhancements techniques such as image scaling, filtering, color space conversion or gamma correction are applied in order to reduce computation time and enhance the scanned document. The techniques, used to perform the classification, are employed on the one-fourth resolution input image in the CIEL*a*b* color space. In the second module, the text detection module uses wavelet analysis to generate a text-region candidate map which is enhanced by applying a Run Length Encoding (RLE) technique for verification purposes. The third module, photo detection, initially uses block-wise segmentation which is based on basis vector projection technique. Then, MRF with maximum a-posteriori (MAP) optimization framework is utilized to generate photo map. Next, Hough transform is applied to locate lines in the fourth module. Techniques for edge detection, edge linkages, and line-segment fitting are used to detect strong-edges in the module as well. After those three classification maps are obtained, in the last module a final page layout map is generated by using K-Means. Features are extracted to classify the intersection regions and merge into one classification map with K-Means clustering. The proposed technique is tested on several hundred images and its performance is validated by utilizing Confusion Matrix (CM). It shows that the technique achieves an average of 85% classification accuracy rate in text, photo, and background regions on a variety of scanned documents like articles, magazines, business-cards, dictionaries or newsletters etc. More importantly, it performs independently from a scanning process and an input scanned document (RGB or gray-scale) with comparable classification quality

Utjecaj obiteljske mediteranske vrućice na ishod izvantjelesne oplodnje: retrospektivna analiza niza slučajeva

Although the in vitro fertilization-intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) has been utilized widely, the management in patients with an autoimmune disease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to demonstrate IVF-ICSI outcomes in infertile women with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Patient data were collected from the cases registered from January 2006 until January 2014. A total of 6152 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles were analyzed retrospectively in the Ankara Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Education and Research Hospital. Ten infertile women with FMF were included in the study. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected and perinatal outcomes evaluated. The mean age (years), duration of infertility (years) and body mass index (kg/m2) were 29.9±5.3, 5.7±5.3 and 27.9±5.7, respectively. The mean baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; IU/L), estradiol (E2; pg/mL) and antral follicle count were 7.0±2.4, 48.1±15.8 and 7.9±2.9, respectively. The distribution of ovarian response was heterogeneous. Fourteen cycles in ten patients were evaluated. Embryo transfer could be achieved in only ten cycles. Three out of ten patients became pregnant. No adverse perinatal outcome was observed. Our findings indicate that FMF might have no impact on ART cycles.Iako je metoda oplodnje in vitro i intracitoplazmatskog injektiranja sperme (in vitro fertilization-intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF-ICSI) danas široko rasprostranjena u čitavom svijetu, njezina primjena u bolesnica s autoimunim bolestima još uvijek predstavlja velik izazov. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je pokazati ishode IVF-ICSI kod neplodnih žena s obiteljskom mediteranskom groznicom (familial Mediterranean fever, FMF). Podaci bolesnica prikupljeni su iz registriranih slučajeva od siječnja 2006. do siječnja 2014. godine. Retrospektivna analiza provedena u Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Education and Research Hospital u Ankari obuhvatila je 6152 ciklusa potpomognute oplodnje (assisted reproductive technology, ART). U istraživanje je bilo uključeno deset neplodnih žena s FMF. Uzeti su bazalni podaci o kliničkim i laboratorijskim značajkama uključenih žena, kao i perinatalnim ishodima. Srednje vrijednosti dobi (godine), trajanja neplodnosti (godine) i indeksa tjelesne mase (kg/m2) bile su 29,9±5,3; 5,7±5,3 odnosno 27,9±5,7. Srednje vrijednosti folikul-stimulirajućeg hormona (FSH; IU/L), estradiola (E2; pg/mL) i broja antralnih folikula bile su 7,0±2,4; 48,1±15,8 odnosno 7,9±2,9. Raspodjela ovarijskog odgovora bila je heterogena. Procijenjeno je 14 ciklusa u deset žena. Transfer embrija bio je moguć u samo deset ciklusa, a trudnoća je postignuta u tri od deset žena. Nije zabilježen nikakav štetni perinatalni ishod. Naši nalazi ukazuju na to da FMF možda nema nikakvog utjecaja na cikluse ART

The Effect of Adenomyosis in Myometrial Invasion and Overall Survival in Endometrial Cancer

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adenomyosis had an effect on myometrial tumor invasion, stage of the disease, and survival in endometrial cancer

Factors affecting pregnancy rates in infertile women performed abdominal myomectomy

Purpose:To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in infertile women performed abdominal myomectomy at our clinic. Patients and Methods:This retrospective study included 76 infertile women underwent abdominal myomectomy. The cases were divided into two groups according to postoperative pregnancy (Group 1, n=22), and cases with no postoperative pregnancy (Group 2, n=54). Risk factors recorded were; age, parity, size of the fibroids, body mass index (BMI), tumor markers and serum blood values. Results:A total of 76 infertile women underwent abdominal myomectomy during the study period. Of all cases 22 (28.94 %) became pregnant. There was statically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, BMI, diameter of the fibroids (p<0.05) (Table 2). The receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses showed that diameter of the fibroid may be a prognostic factor in order to assess the probability of pregnancy following abdominal myomectomy in infertile women. Conclusion:We think that in infertile women with intramural fibroids >5 cm the treatment modality should be abdominal myomectomy to increase the chance of postoperative pregnancy. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(4.000): 801-806

Bicolumnar 90–90 plating of AO 13C type fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate functional results and complication rate of patients who underwent medial-dorsolateral plating for intra-articular distal humeral fracture (Müller AO type 13C). Methods: Twenty-four patients (14 men, 10 women; mean age: 47 years) with AO type 13C distal humerus fracture were included in the study. Mean follow-up time was 28 months. Nine patients were in 13C1 subgroup, according to AO classification system, 11 patients were categorized as 13C2, and 4 patients were 13C3. Final follow-up assessment of outcomes included Broberg and Morrey radiological criteria; Mayo Elbow Performance Score, disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Outcome Measure, score based on Jupiter criteria; and range of motion (ROM) values. Results: The mean carrying angle of operated elbows was 11.37° (range: 0-20°). According to Broberg and Morrey radiological criteria, 14 patients, had radiologically normal elbow, 4 patients had mild change, 3 patients had moderate change, and 3 patients had severe radiological change. Mean DASH score was 21.91 (range: 0-50), and mean Mayo rating was 83.37 (range: 55-100). Jupiter criteria evaluation revealed excellent results in 10 cases, good in 12, and fair results in 2. One patient with fair result had open fracture, and the other had previous hemiparesis in the same extremity. There was no instance of nonunion observed at follow-up. Conclusion: Osteosynthesis with medial-dorsolateral plating is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus. Level of evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic study. Keywords: Distal humerus, Fracture, Type C, Surgical treatment, Internal fixatio

Effect of familial mediterranean fever on ivf outcome: a retrospective case series

Although the in vitro fertilization-intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) has been utilized widely, the management in patients with an autoimmune disease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to demonstrate IVF-ICSI outcomes in infertile women with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Patient data were collected from the cases registered from January 2006 until January 2014. A total of 6152 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles were analyzed retrospectively in the Ankara Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Education and Research Hospital. Ten infertile women with FMF were included in the study. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected and perinatal outcomes evaluated. The mean age (years), duration of infertility (years) and body mass index (kg/m2) were 29.9±5.3, 5.7±5.3 and 27.9±5.7, respectively. The mean baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; IU/L), estradiol (E2; pg/mL) and antral follicle count were 7.0±2.4, 48.1±15.8 and 7.9±2.9, respectively. The distribution of ovarian response was heterogeneous. Fourteen cycles in ten patients were evaluated. Embryo transfer could be achieved in only ten cycles. Three out of ten patients became pregnant. No adverse perinatal outcome was observed. Our findings indicate that FMF might have no impact on ART cycles

Perinatal outcomes and cost-effectivity of the assisted reproduction pregnancies with advanced age: A retrospective analysis

We demonstrated the IVF-ICSI results, perinatal outcomes and cost-effectivity of the patients with advanced age at a tertiary centre. A total of 456 patients categorised into two groups according to age: group 1 (n = 158) (≥39years) and group 2 (n = 298) (<39years) were analysed retrospectively. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed according to the 40 years cut-off. Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly different between the groups (p< .001). Preterm delivery (< 37 gestational week) and low birth weight (< 2500 g) were significantly higher in advanced aged women than youngsters (p< .001). Mean expense per cycle for hormonal stimulation of IVF-ICSI was 1058.9 and 723.5 USD in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p< .001). Mean expense per pregnancy was 9294.7 and 1874.8 USD in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p< .001). Our study showed that perinatal outcomes and cost-effectivity might be adversely affected with increasing age

The neglected value of phosphate ion for respiratory functions in cardiac surgery

Objective: Hypophosphatemia can cause a chain of chemical reactions leading to acute respiratory failure. Therefore it is of potential with regard torelevance with postoperative respiratory complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum phosphate level and pulmonary functions after cardiac surgery. Material: A total of 66 patients who had a normal initial phosphate level and who had cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in a tertiary healthcare hospital between November 2013 and May 2014 were enrolled in our study. All of their data was retrospectively evaluated. Method: All the operations were performed by the same surgical team. Patients were grouped according to postoperative serum phosphate levels as group A with normal level and group B with low level. Results: The demographic and pre-operative variables were found to be similar between both groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative comparisons of the two groups showed that the postoperative phosphate level (p = 0.001) and postoperative use of inotropic agent (p = 0.047) differed significantly. Correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between postoperative phosphate levels and time of mechanical ventilatory support (r = -0.367; r(2) = 0.135; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hypophosphatemia was found to be an independent risk factor for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support. Postoperative measuring of phosphate serum levels should not be underestimated after cardiac surgery